Grammar Workshop: F U T U R E

F U T U R E

1. Will / going to

Affirmative
I will play
You will play
He/she/it will play

Negative
I will not play
You will not play
He/she/it will not play

Question
Will I play?
Will you play?

Affirmative
I am going to play
You are going to play

Negative
I am not going to play
You are not going to play
He/she/it is not going to play

Question
Am I going to play?
Are you going to play?
Is he/she/it going to play?

Functions and examples - will

1. We use 'will' to give or ask for information or facts about the future.

Her parents will be here in about an hour.
All her friends will come to her wedding.

2. We use 'will' for plans or decisions made at the time of speaking.

"We need some paper for the photocopier." "Okay, I'll go and get some."
"What would you like to eat?" "I'll have a pizza please."

3. We use 'will' to predict the future.

I think it will rain tomorrow.
Al Pacino will win the award for Best Actor.
Do you think Brazil will win the World Cup?

4. We use 'will' to predict the present.

Don't phone her now, she'll be busy.

5. We use 'will' to offer to do something.

I'll take you to the airport tomorrow.
That suitcase looks heavy, I'll carry it for you.

6. We use 'will' to agree to do something.

Okay, I'll come with you

7. We use 'will' to promise to do something.

I promise I won't tell anyone you broke the window

8. We use 'will' to make requests (or give orders).

Will you open the door for me please?
Will you marry me?
Will you shut up please?

9. We use 'will' to refuse to do something or talk about refusals.

No, I won't cook your dinner, you can cook it yourself.
I've asked him but he won't do it.

Functions and examples - going to

1. We use 'going to' for plans or decisions made before speaking.

Is John coming home soon? - Yes, I'm going to meet him at the airport tomorrow.
I'm going to watch TV in a minute, because my favourite programme is on.

2. We use 'going to' to predict the future based on present evidence.

Look at the sky. It's going to rain soon.
Germany have just scored. England are going to lose again.

2. FUTURE PERFECT

Affirmative
I will have done
You will have done
He/she/it will have done

Negative
I will not have done
You will not have done
He/she/it will not have done

Question
Will I have done?
Will you have done?
Will he/she/it have done?

Functions and examples

1. We use the future perfect to say that an action or event will be complete at a specific time in the future.

I will have finished my project by the weekend. (by = not later than)
This time next year I will have graduated.

2. We use the future perfect to predict the present.

Don't bother going to see him, he'll have left.

3. Future Continuous

Affirmative
I will be doing
You will be doing
He/she/it will be doing
We will be doing
You will be doing (plural)
They will be doing

Negative
I will not be doing
You will not be doing
He/she will not be doing
We will not be doing
You will not be doing
They will not be doing

Question
Will I be doing?
Will you be doing?
Will he/she/it be doing?
Will we be doing?
Will you be doing?
Will they be doing?

Functions and examples

1. We use the future continuous to say that an action will be in progress at a specific time in the future.

This time on Thursday I'll be flying to Thailand.
In two hours she'll be leaving work.

2. We use the future continuous to predict the present.

Don't call him now, he'll be sleeping.

3. We use the future continuous to make polite enquiries about someone's plans -- without wishing to influence those plans

Will you be watching TV this evening? -- you simply want to know if the TV will be free

LRI.MICHELLE LIMON
http://liclimon.blogspot.com
michellina_@msn.com

FRASES BINOMIALES
Binomials

Los BINOMIOS o FRASES BINOMIALES son expresiones idiomáticas en las cuales dos palabras se hallan unidas por una conjunción (por lo general Y, O, PERO).

• ODDS AND ENDS (chucherías, cosas sin valor)
  Let's get the main things packed; we can do the odds and ends later.
• GIVE AND TAKE (toma y daca, concesiones mutuas)
  Every relationship needs some give and take to be successful.

A veces puedes identificar un binomio por su construcción sonora.

• PART AND PARCEL (parte integrante; uña y carne)
  Tears are part and parcel of growing up.
• WINE AND DINE (llevar a comer y beber)
  The new manager has to wine and dine some importants clients from Japan.
• SAFE AND SOUND (sanos y salvos)
  Fortunately they arrived safe and sound after such a terrible plane crash.

Otras veces la pista indica que las palabras son prácticamente sinónimos.

• PICK AND CHOOSE (escoger con esmero y dedicación)
  At this restaurant you can pick and choose, so what you eat it's up to you.
• LEAPS AND BOUNDS (a pasos agigantados)
  My English is progressing in (by) leaps and bounds at KOE.
• PEACE AND QUIET (paz y tranquilidad)
  It's really nice to have some peace and quiet during the weekend.
• REST AND RECREATION (reposo y entretenimiento)
  The doctor recommended some rest and recreation.
• FIRST AND FOREMOST (primero y principal)
  Please, listen to me. First and foremost, you have to work hard in your new job.

Muchas preposiciones y adverbios suelen combinarse para formar binomios.

• HERE AND THERE (acá y allá, por todas partes)
  In Buenos Aires you will find cafés and cafeterias here and there.
• ON AND OFF (cada tanto, de vez en cuando, a intervalos)
  We have had meetings on and off to create new multimedia courses.
• BACK AND FORTH (de arriba para abajo)
  Mr. Heger has been running back and forth to sell his apartment.
• TO AND FRO (de acá para allá)
  Mothers are really great. They usually run to and fro all day long.
• OUT AND ABOUT (pasear por todas partes, andar de un lado al otro)
  She has recovered from the accident and is out and about again.

Existen binomios unidos por otras palabras aparte de la conjunción AND.

• SINK OR SWIM (irse a pique o nadar, hundirse o salvarse)
  Her father-in-law will not help her, so she will have to sink or swim.
• SLOWLY BUT SURELY (lento pero seguro)
  It was terrible!! Slowly but surely I realized my boat was sinking in the river.
• SOONER OR LATER (tarde o temprano)
  My boss told me that sooner or later I would learn the lesson.
• TAKE IT OR LEAVE IT (tómelo o déjelo, acéptelo o rechácelo)
  Well, I'm sorry, that's all I can offer you; take it or leave it.
• MORE OR LESS (más o menos, aproximadamente)
  KOE CD-ROMs weigh 5 grams each, more or less.

LRI. MICHELLE LIMON

KOE MEXICANA
Departamento de Monitoria
http://liclimon.blogspot.com